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Solfatara is a shallow volcanic crater at Pozzuoli, near Naples, part of the Campi Flegrei volcanic area. It is a dormant volcano, which still emits jets of steam with sulfurous fumes. The name comes from the Latin, ''Sulpha terra'', "land of sulfur", or "sulfur earth". It was formed around 4000 years ago and last erupted in 1198 with what was probably a ''phreatic'' eruption - an explosive steam-driven eruption caused when groundwater interacts with magma. The crater floor is a popular tourist attraction, as it has many fumaroles and mud pools. The area is well known for its bradyseism. The vapours have been used for medical purposes since Roman times. Solfatara crater.jpg|Panoramic view of the crater towards South East Mud pool in Solfatara crater.jpg|Close-up view of a mud pool Medium fumarole in Solfatara crater.jpg|Medium size fumarole in Solfatara Fumarole in Solfatara crater (close up).jpg|Biggest fumarole in Solfatara This volcano is where the thermoacidophilic archaeon ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'' was first isolated. The archaeon is named for the volcano, as most species of the genus ''Sulfolobus'' are named for the area where they are first isolated. In 305, this is the location where the patron of Pozzuoli, Saint Proculus, and the patron of Naples, Saint Januarius were beheaded. ==References== * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Solfatara (volcano)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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